God/The Trinity

By: Dr. John Ankerberg / Dr. John Weldon; ©2002

The living God is not some unknowable, impersonal divine essence. Nor does “He” or “It” or “She” manifest through our alleged “higher consciousness.” Drs. Ankerberg and Weldon give a very brief overview of what the Bible teaches about the nature of God and the Trinity.

GOD/THE TRINITY

(Encyclopedia of Cults and New Religions, Harvest House Publishers, 1999)

The living God is not what the cults and new religions claim He is, as if only in the last century or so (or even decade!) God had now chosen to reveal Himself “as He truly is” to this or that cult.

God is not some unknowable, impersonal divine essence, such that our own personalities ultimately become an illusion. Nor does “He” or “It” or “She” manifest through our alleged “higher consciousness” so that God and our true self are one. God is not the universe itself nor is the universe His body (pantheism, panentheism). God is not the originator of all religions (syncretism) or an eternally hidden deity who is perpetually unknowable, unapproachable and indescribable (mysticism). God is not unipersonal or monistic.

The Trinity is not a symbol of various religious, metaphysical or psychological concepts, nor is the Trinity tritheistic (three gods) or exist in three different modes or aspects (modalism). The doctrine of the Trinity was never derived from ancient pagan religions (see our discus­sion in Ready With An Answer). In fact, the only rational explanation of the Trinity is divine revelation.

Among the cults and new religions, we find many different theologies. The chart below lists various concepts of God and which cults and religions subscribe to them.

DIFFERENT CONCEPTS OF GOD

One God who is personal:

a. Monotheism—one personal God

b. Trinitarianism—one personal God, three centers of consciousness

c. Unitarianism—one God, one person

d. Modalism—one God, one person, three modes or aspects

Two or more gods who are personal:

e. ditheism—two gods

f. tritheism—three gods

g. polytheism—many gods

henotheism—a variation of polytheism; one principal deity (many gods; only one is worshipped)

One God who is impersonal (and related concepts):

i. pantheism—the physical universe is God

j. panentheism—the physical universe is God’s “body”

k. monism—God is one divine unitary essence “behind” or “underneath” the illusory physical universe

No God, or “God” is irrelevant

l. Atheism

 

THE SELECTED CULTS AND RELIGIONS BELOW
ILLUSTRATE THE DIVERSITY OF THEIR VIEWS ABOUT GOD.

Mormonism h, g, f	[Hinduism k, g, h, i
Jehovah’s Witnesses; The Way International; Judaism c	Buddhism l, g
Christian Science k	Islam a
The Local Church d, b	The Masonic Lodge a, g (or) a, k
Unity School of Christianity i	Animism g
Jehovah’s Witnesses (caricature of Christianity’s God) f	Liberal Christianity a
Process Theology j	Secular Humanism; Materialistic Evolution l
Transcendental Meditation k	Biblical Christianity a, b

Among all religions that have ever existed, the Christian concept of God is entirely unique, for in the totality of religious history, there is only one concept of an infinite-personal triune God. While every religion fits one of the preceding (or related) descriptions, no other reli­gion has a Trinity. Divine revelation accounts for our knowledge of the Trinity. Indeed, the biblical concept of the Trinity is at once so unexpected and complex, and yet so practical, that it could never have been invented by men in its biblical formula. For example, only the existence of the biblical Trinity logically explains the unity and diversity in creation. Only it explains both the human personality and the many triune manifestations in nature (man as body, soul, spirit; space as height, width, length; time as past, present, future; matter as energy, motion, phenomena; family as man, woman, offspring; and so on). (See also Francis Schaeffer, He Is There and He Is Not Silent.)

In the following material we will document that the Bible teaches the doctrine of the Trinity and therefore no other concept of God. It is important to note here that the Bible teaches both monotheism and trinitarianism. It teaches a monotheistic view—that there is only one true God—and a trinitarian view—that this one true God exists eternally as three Persons. This “triunity” of God was defended from earliest times as Christian theologians and apolo­gists carefully safeguarded both the unity of God against tritheism and maintained the respective deity of the three Persons of the Godhead. As Gregory of Nyssa stated in his letter to Ablabius, “To say that there are three gods is wicked. Not to bear witness to the deity of the Son and the Spirit is ungodly and absurd. Therefore one God must be con­fessed by us according to the witness of Scripture, ‘Hear Israel, the Lord your God is one Lord’ (Deut. 6:4), even if the word ‘deity’ extends through the holy trinity.” ^[1]

There Is Only One True God

The Bible does not teach any form of tritheism or polytheism, as in the Mormon faith, but that there is only one true God from all eternity. As Jesus taught: “Now this is eternal life: that they may know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom you have sent” (John 17:5).

The following scriptures prove there is only one God:

• … the only true God… (John 17:3)
• there is no God but one (1 Corinthians 8:4)
• there is but one God, … (1 Corinthians 8:6)
• For there is one God… (1 Timothy 2:5)
• This is what the LORD says… “I am the first and I am the last; apart from me there is no God” (Isaiah 44:6)
• I am the LORD, and there is no other; apart from me there is no God (Isaiah 45:5)
• I am the LORD, and there is no other (Isaiah 45:6)
• I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is none like me (Isaiah 46:9) God Is a Trinity or Triune

Simultaneously, this one true God has revealed that He is three Persons, or centers of consciousness, within one Godhead. Because the concept cannot be fully comprehended does not mean the doctrine is irrational or cannot be accurately defined. A good definition of the Trinity is provided by noted church historian Philip Schaff:

God is one in three persons or hypostases [distinct persons of the same nature], each person expressing the whole fullness of the Godhead, with all his attributes. The term persona is taken neither in the old sense of a mere personation or form of manifestation (prosopon, face, mask), nor in the modern sense of an independent, separate being or individual, but in a sense which lies between these two conceptions, and thus avoids Sabellianism on the one hand, and Tritheism on the other. [Sabellianism taught that God was one person only who existed in three different forms or manifestations; tritheism refers to a belief in three separate gods.] The divine persons are in one another, and form a perpetual intercommunication and motion within the divine essence. Each person has all the divine attributes which are inherent in the divine essence, but each has also a characteristic individuality or property, which is peculiar to the person, and can not be communicated; the Father is unbegotten, the Son begotten, the Holy Ghost is proceeding. In this Trinity there is no priority or posteriority of time, no superiority or inferiority of rank, but the three persons are co-eternal and coequal.^[2]

The biblical doctrine of the Trinity is vital to understand because it concerns who God is, which is essential for having a proper realization of the nature of God as Father, Son and Holy Spirit. To understand the Trinity is to understand God as He has revealed Himself to be. To misunderstand the Trinity is to fail to understand who God is.

This is important because if we are to worship God “in spirit and truth” (John 4:24), as Jesus commanded, we must know and worship the one true God as He really is. To fail to do this is to fail to know and worship God, and this cannot bring Him glory. Thus, those who reject the Trinity, by definition, deny the nature of God. Without a biblical theological formu­lation about God, heretical views arise. This in turn can lead to rejection of the one true God and the worship of a false God. And if the Bible is clear on anything, it is clear that faith in a false God cannot save people from their sins. Jesus Himself emphasized the importance of having an accurate knowledge of God when He said, “This is eternal life: that they may know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom you have sent” (John 17:3).

In his Christian Theology, Christian theologian Millard J. Erickson offers six points that must be included in a proper understanding of the doctrine of the Trinity (the following is the

authors’ paraphrase of Erickson’s points):

1. There is only one God
2. Each Person in the Godhead is equally deity.
3. The threeness and oneness of God constitute a paradox or an antinomy—merely an apparent contradiction, not a genuine one. This is because God’s threeness and one­ness do not exist in the same respect; that is, they are not simultaneously affirming and denying the same thing at the same time and in the same manner. God’s oneness refers to the divine essence; His threeness to the plurality of persons.
4. The Trinity is eternal—there have always been three Persons, each of whom is eternally divine. One or more of the Persons did not come into being at a point in time or at some point in time became divine. There has never been any change in the essential divine nature of the triune God. God is, and God will be what God has always been forever.
5. The function of one member in the Trinity may for a time be subordinate to one or both of the other members, although this does not mean that that member is in any way inferior in essence to the others. Each Person of the Trinity has had, for a period of time, a particular function unique to Himself. In other words, the particular function that is some­times unique to a given Person in the Trinity is only a temporary role exercised for a given purpose. It does not represent a change in His status or essence. When the sec­ond Person of the Trinity incarnated and became Jesus Christ, He did not become less than the Father in essence, although He did become subordinate to the Father function­ally. In like manner, the Holy Spirit is now subordinated to the ministry of the Son (John 14-16) and to the will of the Father, but He is not less than they are. Certain examples may illustrate this. A wife may have a subordinate role to a husband, but she is also his equal. Equals in some business enterprise may elect one of their number to serve as head or a chairperson for a period, without any change in rank. During World War II, the highest ranking member of an aircraft, the pilot, would nevertheless carefully subordinate his decisions to the bombardier, a lower ranking officer.
6. Finally, the Trinity is incomprehensible. Even when we are in heaven and fully redeemed, we will still not totally comprehend God, because it is impossible that a finite creature could ever comprehend an infinite being. Thus, “Those aspects of God which we never fully comprehend should be regarded as mysteries that go beyond our reason rather than as paradoxes which conflict with reason.”^[3]

Prior knowledge of the Trinity, especially in its theological formulation, is not necessary for a person to be saved. But once saved, it is vital for Christians to know the true nature of the God who has so graciously pardoned them. This explains why the Church has always recognized the importance of a proper understanding of God and maintained that those who reject the scriptural view of God, as long as they do so, cannot be saved. Consider Dr. Schaff’s comments about the Athanasian Creed:

[It] begins and ends with the solemn declaration that the catholic [universal] faith in the Trinity and the Incarnation is the indispensable condition of salvation, and that those who reject it will be lost forever. This anathema [divine curse], in its natural historical sense, is not merely a solemn warning against the great danger of heresy, nor, on the other hand, does it demand, as a condition of salvation, a full knowledge, and assent to, the logical statement of the doctrines set forth (this would condemn the great mass even of Christian believers); but it does mean to exclude from heaven all who reject the divine truth therein taught. It requires everyone who would be saved to believe in the only true and living God, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, one in essence, three in persons, and in one Jesus Christ, very God and very man in one person.^[4]

As Vladimir Lossky once put it boldly, “Between the Trinity and Hell there lies no other choice.”^[5] Only personal bias or ignorance can explain cultic attempts to deny the biblical Trinity. It is significant that even some Unitarians who reject the Trinity still confess it is a biblical teaching based on “its obvious sense, its natural meaning” as found in Scripture. These words of George E. Ellis, a nineteenth-century Unitarian leader, illustrate the biases of anti-trinitarian groups and liberals who refuse to accept the Trinity on personal, not biblical, grounds. Ellis confesses, “Only that kind of ingenious, special, discriminative, and in candor I must add, forced treatment, which it receives from us liberals can make the book teach anything but Orthodoxy.”^[6] No less an authority than the great Princeton theolo­gian B. B. Warfield pointed out that the doctrine of the Trinity “is rather everywhere presup­posed” in Scripture.^[7] This is, for example, clearly demonstrated in Edward Bickersteth’s fine work, The Trinity.

Notes

1. ↑ “Gregory of Nyssa Ablabius,” in William G. Rusch, trans. and ed., The Trinitarian Contro­versy (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1980), pp. 149, 151-52.
2. ↑ Philip Schaff, ed., rev. by David S. Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom: With a History and Critical Notes—Vol. 1: The History of the Creeds (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1983). The Greek term was transliterated by the authors.
3. ↑ Millard J. Erickson, Christian Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1986, one vol. edition), pp. 337-338.
4. ↑ Schaff, ed., Creed, pp. 39-40.
5. ↑ Vladimir Lossky, The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church (1957), p. 66.
6. ↑ In E. Calvin Beisner, God in Three Persons (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale, 1984), p. 25.
7. ↑ Ibid., p. 26.

Recommended Reading

Perhaps the best devotional text is Edward Bickersteth’s classic, The Trinity (Kregel, 1980, rpt). Notable recent titles include Peter Toon’s Our Triune God (Bridgepoint, 1996) and Millard J. Erickson’s God in Three Persons (Baker, 1995). Dr. Robert A. Morey’s The Trin­ity: Evidence and Issues (Grandville, MI: World Publ., 1996), is currently the most extensive in-depth analysis of all the biblical, philosophical, and historical issues relating to the doc­trine of the Trinity. He deals with epistemology, hermeneutics, heresy, orthodoxy, liberal­ism, feminism, the Jesus Seminar, Islam, the cults, the occult, early Jewish literature, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Apostolic Fathers, and he brings to light new information on the history and origins of Arianism and Modalism. The chapter on the deity of Christ, “The Son of God in the New Testament,” is over 200 pages with 265-plus footnotes, often with mul­tiple references in each note. And a brief, popular treatment can be found in our booklet Knowing the Truth About the Trinity.